蝴蝶鱼属(学名:Chaetodon)是生活在热带到暖温带水域的海洋鱼类家族。它们有些出现在微咸河口或封闭港湾,通常沿着岩礁陡坡活动,最常见于浅水(不到20米)珊瑚礁附近,也有一些在200米以下的深水栖居。它们出没于海草栖息地、深泥滩或浅水泻湖周围。许多蝴蝶鱼的幼鱼活动区域相比成鱼有差异,如潮汐湖、巨砾珊瑚礁以及没有珊瑚的浅水。
基本信息
蝴蝶鱼 体呈菱形或近于椭圆形,且十分侧扁。口小,端位,略可伸缩;颌齿细长,在上下颌形成刷毛状之狭长齿带。前鳃盖骨平滑,但幼鱼可能具有锯齿或被有突棘。体被中或小型之弱栉鳞或圆鳞。侧线完整,呈弧形,但不明显。幼鱼之头部,因长有骨质板,而被称之Tholichthys。背鳍连续,硬棘部和软条部间有浅缺刻;腹鳍胸位,具腋鳞;尾鳍一般截形或圆形。
蝴蝶鱼大部分都生活在20公尺以内的浅水水域,是很典型的日行性鱼类,白天出来找东西吃、交配,晚上才躲在礁洞里面休息。觅食时,或群游,或成对,或独游。食性变异大,有的从礁岩表面啄食躲藏在缝隙里的小型无脊椎动物及藻类,有的在水层中捡食浮游动物,有的只吃活珊瑚的水螅虫等。行动迅速,稍受惊动即躲入珊瑚礁或岩石缝中。它们生活史中需要经过一段长时间的漂流期,而使得人工繁殖不易成功。
乌顶蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon adiergastos
黄蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon andamanensis
银身蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon argentatus
Asian butterflyfish
点列蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon assarius
West Australian butterflyfish
金带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon aureofasciatus
Golden butterflyfish
扬幡蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon auriga
Threadfin butterflyfish
耳带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon auripes
Oriental butterflyfish
红海蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon austriacus
Blacktail butterflyfish
曲纹蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon baronessa
Eastern triangular butterflyfish
本氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon bennetti
Bluelashed butterflyfish
勃氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon blackburnii
Brownburnie
柏氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon burgessi
Burgess' butterflyfish
四斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon capistratus
Foureye butterflyfish
胡麻斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon citrinellus
Speckled butterflyfish
领蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon collare
Redtail butterflyfish
绣蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon daedalma
Wrought iron butterflyfish
斜蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon declivis
Marquesas butterflyfish
横纹蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon decussatus
Indian vagabond butterflyfish
阿曼蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon dialeucos
Oman butterflyfish
黑缘蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon dolosus
African butterflyfish
鞍斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon ephippium
Saddle butterflyfish
纹带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon falcula
Blackwedged butterflyfish
条纹蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon fasciatus
Diagonal butterflyfish
黄吻蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon flavirostris
Black butterflyfish
黄冠蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon flavocoronatus
Yellow-crowned butterflyfish
蓝纹蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon fremblii
Bluestriped butterflyfish
加氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon gardineri
Gardner's butterflyfish
贡氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon guentheri
Crochet butterflyfish
绿侧蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon guttatissimus
Peppered butterflyfish
霍氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon hoefleri
Four-banded butterflyfish
肩带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon humeralis
Threebanded butterflyfish
点斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon interruptus
Yellow teardrop butterflyfish
克氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon kleinii
Sunburst butterflyfish
怪蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon larvatus
Hooded butterflyfish
白肋蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon leucopleura
Somali butterflyfish
纹身蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon lineolatus
Lined butterflyfish
白梢蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon litus
Easter Island butterflyfish]
月斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon lunula
Raccoon butterflyfish
弓月蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon lunulatus
Oval butterflyfish
马达加斯加蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon madagascariensis
Seychelles butterflyfish
马利蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon marleyi
Doublesash butterflyfish
黑背蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon melannotus
Blackback butterflyfish
黑鳍蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon melapterus
Arabian butterflyfish
默氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon mertensii
Atoll butterflyfish
中白蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon mesoleucos
White-face butterflyfish
麦氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon meyeri
Scrawled butterflyfish
粟点蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon miliaris
Millet butterflyfish
僧帽蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon mitratus
Indian butterflyfish
多带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon multicinctus
Pebbled butterflyfish
黑斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon nigropunctatus
Black-spotted butterflyfish
日本蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon nippon
Japanese butterflyfish
鳍斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon ocellatus
Spotfin butterflyfish
尾点蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon ocellicaudus
Spot-tail butterflyfish
八带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon octofasciatus
Eightband butterflyfish
华丽蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon ornatissimus
Ornate butterflyfish
尖头蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon oxycephalus
Spot-nape butterflyfish
稀带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon paucifasciatus
Eritrean butterflyfish
夕阳蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon pelewensis
Sunset butterflyfish
马掌蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon pictus
Horseshoe butterflyfish
蓝斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon plebeius
Blueblotch butterflyfish
点斑横带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus
Spotband butterflyfish
四点蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus
Fourspot butterflyfish
雷氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon rafflesii
Latticed butterflyfish
林氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon rainfordi
Rainford's butterflyfish
网纹蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon reticulatus
Mailed butterflyfish
强壮蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon robustus
Three-banded butterflyfish
圣赫拿蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon sanctaehelenae
Saint Helena butterflyfish
礁蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon sedentarius
Reef butterflyfish
弯月蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon selene
Yellow-dotted butterflyfish
点缀蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon semeion
Dotted butterflyfish
黄色蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon semilarvatus
Bluecheek butterflyfish
史氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon smithi
Smith's butterflyfish
镜斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon speculum
Mirror butterflyfish
条带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon striatus
Banded butterflyfish
丁氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon tinkeri
Hawaiian butterflyfish
三角蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon triangulum
Triangle butterflyfish
三色蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon trichrous
Tahiti butterflyfish
波带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon tricinctus
Three-striped butterflyfish
三纹蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon trifascialis
Chevron butterflyfish
三带蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon trifasciatus
Melon butterflyfish
乌利蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon ulietensis
Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish
单斑蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon unimaculatus
Teardrop butterflyfish
飘浮蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon vagabundus
Vagabond butterflyfish
魏氏蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon wiebeli
Hongkong butterflyfish
黄头蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon xanthocephalus
Yellowhead butterflyfish
红尾蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon xanthurus
Pearlscale butterflyfish
桑吉巴蝴蝶鱼
Chaetodon zanzibarensis
Zanzibar butterflyfish
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